RESCUE BREATHING
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If a victim over 8 years old becomes unconscious,
call 911 immediately. For victims under 8,
if you are alone and are trained in CPR, perform
CPR for 1 minute, then call 911. If you do
not know CPR, call 911 immediately.
A is for AIRWAY.
Tilt victim's
head back, lift chin. (In a choking victim,
look for an object in the mouth and throat.
If you see one, take it out.) Look, listen,
feel for breath for 3-5 seconds. Then:
B is for BREATHING.
Pinch victim's nose
shut, seal mouth with yours (for infants up
to 1 year, seal mouth and nose with your mouth).
Give 2 slow breaths (see Fig.1). If needed,
reposition head and try again. Proceed to
C.
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| C
is for CIRCULATION. Check for signs
of circulation: normal breathing, coughing,
the victim moves as a result of your initial
breaths, or check for pulse if you have been
trained to do so. If there is circulation:
provide a rescue breath every 3 seconds
for children to age 8; provide a rescue breath
every 5 seconds for victims 8 and older. Continue
until aid arrives. If there is no circulation,
perform chest compressions if you are trained
in CPR or if an emergency dispatcher is guiding
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BASIC INJURIES - EMERGENCY
ACTION STEP-BY-STEP
What to do until help arrives!
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| HEART ATTACKS |
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WARNING SIGNS: Uncomfortable pressure,
fullness, squeezing, or pain in chest LASTING
2 MINUTES OR MORE. Pain spreading to shoulders,
neck, jaw, arms or back. Dizziness, fainting,
sweating, nausea and/or shortness of breath.
(One or more symptoms may occur. They may
go away and return.)
WHAT TO DO: 1.
PROMPTLY CALL 911. 2. Make conscious victim
comfortable, with head raised. 3. Check for
medical tags and medications. 4.If no breathing,
begin rescue breathing (see RESCUE BREATHING).
5. If no circulation, begin chest compressions
if trained in CPR or if an emergency dispatcher
is guiding you.
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POISONING
If victim has
serious symptoms or has collapsed, call 911. Otherwise,
call Poison Control Center. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING
UNLESS ADVISED BY MEDICAL AUTHORITY.
SWALLOWED POISON: Have
victim rinse mouth, then drink small glass of water
unless unconscious, can't swallow, or having convulsions.
POISON ON SKIN:
Remove contaminated clothing, flush skin with water
for at least 15 minutes. Wash skin gently with soap
and cool water, rinse.
POISON IN EYE:
Flush eye for at least 15 minutes with lukewarm
water. Blink often. DO NOT rub eyes or use eye drops.
INHALED POISON:
Move victim to fresh air. If not breathing, perform
rescue breathing (see RESCUE BREATHING).
BLEEDING (HEAVY)
Cover wond with clean cloth and press firmly. Add
cloths on top of first as needed. Elevate bleeding
arm or leg unless fracture is suspected. Call 911
BURNS
1. Stop the burning. 2. Call 911 if burn involves
difficulty breathing; covers more than one body
part; involves head, neck, hands, feet or genitals;
or is caused by chemical, explosion or electricity.
3. Perform rescue breathing and/or CPR if needed
and you are trained. 4. Cool burn by flushing with
cool water, unless it is an electrical burn.
5. Do not break blisters or remove clothes stuck
to skin. 6. Do not use ice or ointments except on
very minor burns. Never put butter on a burn. 7.
Cover with dry, clean dressing. 8. Keep victim from
getting chilled. Treat for shock.
FRACTURES
Do not move if unconscious or back/neck injuries
are suspected. Treat breathing / bleeding / shock
first. Immobilize injury before moving.
SHOCK
WARNING SIGNS: Pale, clammy skin; weakness; fast
breathing; rapid, weak pulse; confusion.
WHAT TO DO: Lay victim on back with feet raised
unless head/back injuries are suspected. If no breathing,
perform rescue breathing (see RESCUE BREATHING).
Treat bleeding problems. Call 911.
STROKE
WARNING SIGNS: Headache, paralysis, difficulty speaking
or seeing, unconsciousness.
WHAT TO DO: Check breathing and circulation. Begin
rescue breathing and chest compressions if needed
and you are trained or being guided. Call 911.
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